| dc.description.abstract | Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with
allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and
adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national and temporal trends of the
burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic,
demographic, social, and clinical factors.
Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors
Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-
adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic
region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of
years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease
burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking
was described.
Results: In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% UI: 224–309 million] cases of
asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165–178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized
prevalence rates were 3,416 [95% UI: 2,899–4,066] and 2,277 [95% UI: 2,192–2,369] per 100,000
population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: −27.2 to −20.8] decrease for
asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8–4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma
and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age
5–9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were
both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals
with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI
quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and
deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14–5.60 million] asthma
DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615–122,841] asthma deaths.
Conclusions: Asthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having
increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age-
standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger
ages and more prevalent in high-SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional
characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD
could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and
achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. | en_US |
