Development and Fabrication of Biodegradable Disposable Plates from Rice Husk: A Sustainable Solution for Reducing Single-Use Plastic Waste in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abstract

The proliferation of single-use plastic (SUP) waste has become a critical environmental issue, particularly in urban regions such as Chattogram, Bangladesh. This study explores a sustainable alternative by developing biodegradable disposable plates using rice husk, an agricultural byproduct abundantly available in the region. Through a mixed-methods approach combining literature review, experimental fabrication, and community-based surveys, the research evaluates the technical feasibility, environmental impact, and public acceptance of rice husk-based plates. A series of trials optimized the plate formulation using natural binders such as cornstarch and flour, achieving favorable strength, durability, and biodegradability under controlled baking conditions. The plates were formed through molding and cured using a staged baking process, optimized between 80°C and 110°C to enhance strength and durability. Mechanical and chemical tests confirmed the plates' structural integrity, water resistance, and minimal environmental impact. Community perception analysis, involving 131 participants, revealed strong awareness of plastic pollution and a high willingness to adopt eco-friendly alternatives, provided they are affordable and accessible. The results suggest that rice husk-based plates are technically viable, socially accepted, and environmentally beneficial, with future scalability achievable through mechanized heat-press production. The findings highlight the potential of rice husk-based products to align with multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 8 (Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Despite challenges related to durability, market penetration, and production scalability, the study proposes mechanized production via heat-press technology as a viable path forward. Therefore, the research demonstrates that rice husk plates present an environmentally sound and economically inclusive strategy for mitigating plastic waste in Bangladesh.