Codon Usage Signatures and Codon Pair Usage in Genes Implicated in Glioma

Abstract

Gliomas are brain tumors that are extremely difficult to diagnose and treat. While we have learned a lot about gliomas, we do not fully understand how they develop and progress. This lack of information makes it difficult to determine the appropriate treatment. The study analyzed how codons are used in the glioma genome to understand how the disease progresses. Our results show that there is a clear codon bias towards GC-rich sequences, especially in the third codon region (GC3), compared to typical network patterns. The similarity of these codons to common human tRNAs suggests that translational selection, which can be driven by tumor-specific factors, plays an important role in determining codon function in gliomas. In addition, this study also found abnormal arginine codon usage, which may indicate alterations in important signaling pathways required to support tumor growth and survival. These findings reveal molecular alterations in gliomas and pave the way for novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches. Understanding how codons are used in gliomas may help improve strategies to address tumor-unique mechanisms, opening new avenues for tailored treatments.